China's cold chain logistics began in the 1960s, mainly targeting meat, poultry and aquatic products. At that time, in order to ensure market supply and adjust the off-peak season, large-scale cold storages were built in major domestic production areas and big cities, and connected by railway refrigerated trucks and water transport refrigerated ships. 　　

With the reform and opening up and economic development, supermarket chains in big cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou emerged in the mid-1990s. In order to sell all kinds of frozen and refrigerated food demanded by the market, supermarkets adopted a large number of various advanced freezers; retail terminals The equipment and improvement of the cold chain has accelerated the development, manufacture and construction of equipment and technologies in each link of the cold chain. At this time, a modern food cold chain in the true sense began to appear and develop in China. The refrigerated transportation in foreign countries emerged from the railways of European and American countries in the first half of the 19th century, with a history of more than 150 years. The gap in development time also determines that China's cold chain logistics is only in its infancy, and it lags far behind developed countries in terms of refrigeration rate and management level. 　　

Today, China's cold chain industry is making great strides with the support of policies. However, due to its late start, many industry problems have not been completely solved, and there is still a big gap with developed countries in the world. With the rapid development of the market and enterprises Expansion, the five major problems restricting the development of the industry are still to be solved. 　　

1. The cold chain system has not yet been established 　　

At present, about 85% of meat, 77% of aquatic products, and 95% of vegetables and fruits in China are basically transported and sold at room temperature. Only nearly 12 million tons of fruit rot and 130 million tons of vegetables rot each year, resulting in serious economic losses. As far as developed countries are concerned, Canada has formed a complete cold chain logistics system for agricultural products, and the logistics loss of vegetables is only 5%. At present, the establishment of China's cold chain system requires strong support from the government. 　　

2. Cold chain facilities are relatively backward 　　

In recent years, China's cold chain infrastructure has been growing rapidly. However, compared with China's huge population base, the per capita occupancy of resources such as cold storage and refrigerated trucks is still low. Some infrastructures are outdated and unevenly distributed and need to be upgraded urgently. Refrigerated transportation is an important part of cold chain logistics. China's cold chain logistics is mainly concentrated in railway and road transportation. As of 2011, there were 645,000 railway trucks and 6,152 refrigerated trucks in the country, accounting for less than 1% of the total railway trucks. The number of road refrigerated trucks is about 50,000, accounting for only 0.3% of freight vehicles. From the perspective of transportation, due to the limitation of China's railway resources and other factors, it is difficult to coordinate railway refrigerated transportation and road refrigerated transportation, which seriously affects the efficiency of refrigerated transportation. 3. The development of cold chain third-party logistics is lagging behind 　　

At present, the basic situation of China's third-party cold chain logistics development is that third-party logistics companies and independent third-party logistics companies coexist with food production enterprises as the parent. Professional third-party cold chain logistics accounts for about 20%, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, lacking industry competitiveness. In addition, the logistics of most perishable foods is handled by the producers, processors and retailers themselves, which greatly hinders the cost-effectiveness of the cold chain market and the development of third-party cold chain logistics enterprises. 　　

4. The standardization of cold chain system needs to be improved 　　

According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 200 cold chain logistics standards distributed in different industries and sectors. However, the construction of the cold chain logistics standardization system is managed by departments and regions, which restricts the unity and coordination among the standardization of cold chain logistics related industries. 　　

At present, in addition to the national unified standard management agency, China's cold chain management department also has industry departments representing the government such as transportation, railway, civil aviation, health, and information. The various industrial technology organizations and scientific research institutions involved in the cold chain logistics industry are scattered in various government departments and various industries, which makes it difficult to communicate and cooperate with each other, and cannot form a unified plan. 　　

5. Low level of informatization 　　

Cold chain logistics is different from ordinary logistics. Its hardware level and cargo operation requirements have stronger rigid requirements than ordinary cargo, and have higher requirements for information configuration, management level of operators, and emergency handling capabilities. China's overall logistics informatization level is relatively low, and the informatization status of the cold chain transportation industry is not optimistic. Most of the operators are from ordinary logistics. They are not only unfamiliar with product characteristics, but also have a lower degree of mastery of the operational requirements of cold chain logistics. Therefore, the emergency plan capability of cold chain logistics needs to be improved urgently. Source: Qianzhan.com